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PHASES OF COMPILER

WHAT IS COMPILER ?


A COMPILER IS A SOFTWARE WHICH CONVERT HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE INTO A LOW LEVEL OBJECT CODE(BINARY CODE) IN MACHINE LANGUAGE , WHICH CAN BE UNDERSTOOD BY THE PROCESSOR . THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE IS CALLED COMPILATION .

PHASES OF COMPILER

THERE ARE SIX PHASES OF COMPILER



1.) LEXICAL ANALYSIS:-

                                            LEXICAL ANALYSIS IS A PROCESS IN WHICH COMPILER CHECK STREAM OF CHARACTER AND CONVERT INTO MEANINGFUL LEXEMES . IN OTHER WORDS IT READS THE PROGRAM AND CONVERT IT INTO TOKENS . TOKENS ARE DEFINED BY REGULAR EXPRESSION WHICH ARE UNDERSTOOD BY LEXICAL ANALYZER .


2.)SYNTAX ANALYSIS:-

                                              SYNTAX ANALYSIS CHECK THE GRAMMAR OF THE SOURCE CODE . IT SOMETIMES CALLED PARSER . IT CONSTRUCT THE PARSE TREE . IT TAKES ALL TOKEN ONE BY ONE AND USES CONTEXT FREE GRAMMAR  TO CONSTRUCT THE PARSE TREE .


3.)SEMANTIC ANALYSIS:-

                                             SEMANTIC ANALYSIS CHECK THE STEPS OF SOURCE CODE .IT CONFIRM THAT THE SOURCE CODE IS WRITTEN IT SHOULD BE IN STEP BY STEP .
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS CHECKS WHETHER THE PARSE TREE FOLLOWS THE RULES OF  LANGUAGE .

4.) INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION :-

                                                                          AFTER THE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS THE COMPILER GENERATE THE INTERMEDIATE CODE FOR THE SOURCE CODE OF TARGET MACHINE . INTERMEDIATE CODE CONVERT TO MACHINE LANGUAGE USING THE LAST TWO PHASES WHICH ARE PLATFORM DEPENDENT . THE INTERMEDIATE CODE SHOULD BE GENERATE IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT MAKE IT EASIER TO BE TRANSLATE INTO THE TARGET MACHINE CODE .


5.) CODE GENERATION:-

                                             THE CODE GENERATOR TRANSLATE THE INTERMEDIATE CODE INTO A SEQUENCE OF RELOCATABLE MACHINE CODE .THE MAIN PURPOSE OF CODE GENERATOR IS TO WRITE A CODE THAT THE MACHINE CAN BE UNDERSTAND .
THE OUTPUT IS DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF ASSEMBLER . THIS IS THE FINAL STAGE OF COMPILATION .


6.)CODE OPTIMIZATION:-

                                             CODE OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZE THE SOURCE CODE .  OPTIMIZATION CAN BE ASSUMED AS SOMETHING THAT REMOVES UNNECESSARY CODE LINES , AND ARRANGE THE SEQUENCE OF STATEMENTS IN ORDER TO SPEED UP THE PROGRAM EXECUTION WITHOUT WASTING RESOURCE .

OPTIMIZATION CAN BE CATEGORIES INTO TWO TYPES:-

  • DEPENDENT 
  • INDEPENDENT

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